FBI reveals 1991 probe of Steve Jobs
During background check for possible gov't appointment, some cite Apple co-founder's skill at twisting truth
Computerworld - The FBI today made public a background investigation of Steve Jobs in 1991, when he was being considered by the George H. W. Bush administration for a spot on the President's Export Council.
The council is a group that advises the President on international trade. Current members include the CEOs of such U.S. firms as Boeing, UPS, Verizon, Walt Disney and Xerox.
In 1991, Jobs was the CEO of NeXT, the computer company he founded after being forced out of Apple. Subsequently, Jobs returned to Apple, which he co-founded in 1976, where he remained until his death last October at age 56.
The documents, released by the FBI after the Wall Street Journal filed a Freedom of Information Act request, also detailed an 1985 investigation of a bomb and extortion threat against Apple.
While little revealed in the documents was new, several threads ran through the investigation, including the FBI's focus on Jobs' admitted drug use.
Jobs acknowledged that he had used marijuana, hashish and the psychedelic drug LSD from 1970 through 1974. Several of those interviewed by the FBI also noted his earlier drug use, but said they had no knowledge of drug or alcohol abuse in the years prior to the investigation.
A California contact said that Jobs had "undergone a change in philosophy by participating in eastern and/or Indian mysticism and religion," a move that "apparently influenced the Appointee's personal life for the better."
Several others commented on Jobs' notoriously difficult leadership style, with many using the word "demanding" to describe him.
"[The] appointee is a demanding individual, expecting a lot of himself and others," said one former Apple employee questioned by the FBI. "An individual dealing with appointee must know what he is talking about and present a strong case or appointee will disregard the discussion and sometimes the individual."
Other common lines of commentary and questioning in the background check ranged from Jobs' initial denial of paternity of a daughter, Lisa Brennan-Jobs, born out of wedlock, to a then-current class-action lawsuit brought by Apple shareholders, who alleged that during Jobs' time at Apple the company had mislead investors about the promise of the Lisa computer, a forerunning to the Macintosh.
Apple later settled that lawsuit, paying $16 million into a fund to be distributed to class-action members who had purchased Apple stock between November 1982 and September 1983.
The FBI fanned out across the country during the investigation, with agents involved from field offices in several states. Jobs' next-door and nearby neighbors were also interviewed.
Most of the people questioned by the FBI gave Jobs glowing recommendations, but some did not.
"Several individuals questioned Mr. Jobs' honesty, stating that Mr. Jobs will twist the truth and distort reality in order to achieve his goals," the FBI reported.
Jobs was famous for what many called his "reality distortion field," a phrase first coined by an Apple developer in 1981 to describe Jobs' ability to convince people that seemingly impossible tasks were, in fact, possible.
Others among the scores interviewed described Jobs as "deceptive," "strong willed," "stubborn" and "driven."
Jobs was never appointed to the advisory committee; the released documents do not specify why. The FBI interviewed Jobs himself on March 13, 1991, at his NeXT office.
The 191 pages released by the FBI can be downloaded from its website (download PDF), or viewed here.
Gregg Keizer covers Microsoft, security issues, Apple, Web browsers and general technology breaking news for Computerworld. Follow Gregg on Twitter at
@gkeizer, on Google+ or subscribe to Gregg's RSS feed
. His e-mail address is gkeizer@computerworld.com.
See more articles by Gregg Keizer.
- Apple CEO Cook remembers Steve Jobs
- 10 Apple moments in the year since Jobs' death
- Steve Jobs is missed, but Apple's stronger now than a year ago, analysts say
- FBI reveals 1991 probe of Steve Jobs
- Video: The Steve Jobs '95 interview, unabridged
- Video: Steve Jobs one-on-one, the '95 interview
- Steve Jobs bio debuts at No. 1 spot on bestseller lists
- Biographer: Jobs brilliant, prickly, eccentric
- Tech elite share Jobs tributes on Google+, Facebook
- Remembering Steve Jobs: IDG editors reflect
Read more about Government IT in Computerworld's Government IT Topic Center.
- The 20 Best iPhone/iPad Games of 2013 So Far
- 9 Steps to Build Your Personal Brand (and Your Career)
- 7 Consumer Technologies Coming to an Enterprise Near You
- 11 Signs Your IT Project is Doomed
- A walking tour: 33 questions to ask about your company's security
- 15 social media scams
- The 7 elements of a successful security awareness program
This IT pilot fish at a government agency gets a call from the administrative officer, who's on the verge of hysterics: Her computer is dead, she's having a total meltdown, and it's all his fault.
- IT Certification Study Tips
- Register for this Computerworld Insider Study Tip guide and gain access to hundreds of premium content articles, cheat sheets, product reviews and more.
- Federal IT Innovation Caught in a Catch-22
- Fed resources shoring up old infrastructure, holding back new technologies.
- Harness IT -- An Introduction to Business Intelligence Solutions
- Learn the key selection criteria required to provide your organization with the capability to address structured data, unstructured data and mobile demands so...
- Business Intelligence Shows its Smarts
- Today's Business Intelligence (BI) tools provide a new way to think about data with self-service capabilities and user-friendly analytics that can be used...
- Proactive Planning for Big Data
- Big data is less about the terabytes and more about the query tools and business intelligence needed to make sense of massive amounts...
- Inquiry Spotlight: Consumer-Facing Identity
- The challenges of consumer-facing identity management, access management, and authentication differ in ways subtle and dramatic from those of the employee-facing variety. All Government IT White Papers
- Becoming An Analytics Driven Organization
- Join us on Tuesday, June 18, 2013, 11:00 AM EDT and learn how your agency can create an analytics culture that will enable...
- 3 Reasons Why Sepaton is the World's Fastest Backup Solution
- Leading analyst, Storage Switzerland learns how Sepaton backs up and deduplicates massive data volumes while maintaining the industry's fastest performance - all in...
- Enterprise File Sharing: All You Need to Know
- Security. Scalability. Control. These are just some of the many benefits of enterprise cloud file-sharing that you'll discover in this KnowledgeVault, packed with...
- Bridging HTTP and FTP with FileXpress Internet Server
- What if you could take an FTP server on your internal network, and allow external users (partners or customers) to securely access it...
- MFT and FileXpress - An Overview
- Business users and applications exchange files on a regular basis. File transfer is a core part of the flow of business activity. All Government IT Webcasts

