Desktop virtualization: Making PCs manageable

InfoWorld - Managing PCs has always been painful, but the job has gotten considerably nastier, thanks to an endless parade of application upgrades, operating system patches and antithreat updates. Even with network-based installation and patch management tools to ease the burden, IT spends far too much time at the desktop itself, dealing with shenanigans involving personal software; multiple versions of Java or ActiveX controls; driver or Dynamic Link Library (DLL) conflicts; malware infections; misconfigured hardware; and more.

The promise of desktop virtualization technology is to centralize applications at the data center to make them easier to manage and provision -- stretching hardware resources and keeping nagging software conflicts to a minimum in the bargain. In some cases, the same technology helps accomplish all three, bringing greater control and flexibility to IT without users mourning the loss of "their" beloved desktops.

At first blush, desktop virtualization sounds a lot like terminal services, such as those provided by Citrix Systems Inc., where servers run the applications and give users remote access. All the user's terminal or PC does is present the updated screen display and permit input via keyboard and mouse.

Desktop virtualization, on the other hand, is a new way of delivering the individual PC environment that white-collar workers demand and love. In essence, servers host an entire desktop environment specific to each user.

The early versions of desktop virtualization were blade servers, such as those offered by ClearCube Technology Inc. and IBM, that simply moved the processing guts of a PC to the data center and left the input and display at the user's desk. But the latest versions use the PC at the user's desk for much of the processing. Dubbed "desktop streaming," this approach retains the benefits of central management without throwing away the desktop's power. The needed code is streamed to disk and memory cache for just that session, ensuring that there's nothing for the user to mess up or alter.

A few providers go beyond desktop streaming to application streaming, where IT can send out the runtime cache for individual apps as needed. This reduces the number of unique user images to maintain and provides better insight into which application licenses are really needed.

Building a better thin client

The greatest benefit of desktop virtualization is the ability to provision PCs and other client devices with software from a central location. IT can manage a large number of enterprise clients from the data center, rather than at each user's desk, reducing on-site support and increasing control of application and patch management.

At its simplest, virtualization on the application server side reduces hardware costs by letting one server provision multiple desktop clients, rather than having one server per desktop client, says John Humphreys, an IDC analyst. And virtualization also adds the ability to move desktop environments and hosted applications as needed for load-balancing or fail-over. To make existing terminal services and blade systems work with virtual machines, established providers, such as Citrix and ClearCube, have developed broker technology to let IT manage the mapping to virtual resources.