QuickStudy: Open-source licensing

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August 05, 2002 (Computerworld) -- Whether it's Apache on your Web servers or Linux supporting your databases, free open-source products, just like those from Microsoft Corp., have software licenses. And it's wise to know your rights and the responsibilities that accompany these legal documents.

The first thing to remember is that open source, as advocates never tire of explaining, means free as in freedom rather than free as in price. Open-source players such as Red Hat Inc. in Raleigh, N.C., are allowed to charge any amount to package and distribute the technology. Of course, you can bypass that expense by going to a Web site that stores the source code and downloading it for free. But the licensing requirements remain in force.

It's also important to know that there are many types of open-source licenses. There are a few quirks among the various licenses, which is why there are so many and why you'll need to review them before you venture into open-source development. For example, the ultraefficient one-page BSD license has a mere three points to comply with, but the 12-page Mozilla Public License 1.1 covers everything from definitions of terms to how the license applies to governments.

A key open-source licensing provision, as noted in the Mozilla license and others, is that if you change the code, you must document your changes and include your source code in the documentation.

Most important, as stated in the GNU General Public License (GPL): "You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License." In other words, if you use an open-source program anywhere in your code, your product must comply with open-source strictures.

And like most software, open-source licenses describe products delivered in "as is" condition with no warranty that they will actually work.

Quite a few companies offer open-source versions of their commercial products, and more are doing so, adding another level of complexity to licensing issues.

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• Licenses On the List
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